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: Use mathematical "kernels" to detect low-level features like edges, lines, and dark spots.

: The final decision-maker that takes all the extracted features to classify the image as a specific object, like a "cat" or "car". Convolutional Neural Networks & Computer Vision - KNIME

The "deep" nature of the model in the image comes from its stacked layer structure, which acts as a filter to extract meaning: : The raw image pixels (e.g.,

: Downsample the data to reduce its size, making the model faster and less prone to overfitting.

: Introduces non-linearity by zeroing out negative values, mimicking how biological neurons fire only above certain thresholds.