In , psychologist Walter Riso argues that mental flexibility is a vital virtue that allows individuals to adapt to life's pressures and reinvent themselves without causing self-harm . He contrasts the healthy "flexible mind" against two dysfunctional extremes: the "rigid mind," which clings to dogmas and generates stress, and the "liquid mind," which lacks personal conviction and passively conforms to its environment . The Three Types of Minds
: A flexible mind is more likely to generate positive life changes and successfully navigate uncertainty . Practical Strategies for Development Walter Riso El Poder Del Pensamiento Flexible...
: It acts as a shield against psychological illnesses by reducing the "weight" of perceived predetermination . In , psychologist Walter Riso argues that mental
: This mind is overly adaptable to the point of being insubstantial . It lacks its own opinions, avoids deep thinking, and simply "takes the shape of its container," leaving no personal mark on the world . Practical Strategies for Development : It acts as
: By rejecting authoritarianism and prejudice, flexible thinkers foster healthier, more just interpersonal connections .
: The ideal state, which Riso compares to clay—able to change and adapt while retaining its essential nature . It remains open to new evidence, accepts criticism, and values pluralism and creative problem-solving . Key Benefits of Cognitive Flexibility