Data that has been checked against domain-specific rules and logical restrictions. Key Methodology and R Applications

Data with consistent types (e.g., numeric, character) and structures (e.g., tidy tables).

The authors emphasize that data cleaning is not just about removing errors but about identifying them through . Statistical Data Cleaning with Applications in R

Central to the authors' philosophy is the concept of the . This framework views data processing as a series of steps that increase the data’s value: Raw Data: The initial, unrefined input.