Several major investigations into solitary confinement practices were published or updated in 2020:
The widespread use of solitary confinement in 2020 was driven by a need for medical quarantine, yet the psychological toll remained severe. Solitary (2020)
: Studies such as those in The Lancet linked solitary confinement placement to higher risks of post-release mortality and suicide. as highlighted by PMC
The heavy reliance on isolation in 2020 had lasting effects on reintegration. the lines often blurred
: Public health experts noted that "medical isolation" should be distinct from "punitive solitary." However, as highlighted by PMC , the lines often blurred, leading to an environment of fear where inmates avoided reporting symptoms to escape being placed in "the hole."
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