Without these, your car would bounce uncontrollably. Dampers dissipate the spring's energy as heat, resisting the speed of the suspension's movement rather than just the distance.

High-end sims calculate complex metrics like camber (the angle of the wheels), caster , and scrub radius . These ensure that when you turn or hit a bump, the tire maintains maximum contact with the road. Power Brakes: Physics in Action

They support the vehicle's mass. The force they exert is generally calculated using Hooke’s Law ( ), where stiffness ( ) determines how much the spring resists compression.