: A paper on how the Cenozoic evolution of the Pacific has influenced global climate cooling over the last 65 million years. 3. Geopolitical and Social Perspectives

: Research the "Pacific Arctic" continental shelves (Bering and Chukchi seas) to examine how ocean warming and increasing Pacific water inflow affect regional productivity.

: Use the USGS EXPRESS campaign as a case study for mapping deep-sea corals and sensitive habitats on the Pacific shelf of the U.S. West Coast.

Active margins are regions where the Pacific oceanic plate is actively subducting under or sliding past continental plates.

: Research focusing on the San Andreas Fault and how the Pacific plate moves northwest relative to the North American plate. You can explore the deformation styles at the USGS-monitored Queen Charlotte Fault .

Below are structured subtopics and paper ideas based on recent research and established geological concepts: 1. Tectonic Interactions (Active Continental Margins)