Insurgency

: National insurgencies rely on ideology to unify and inspire followers, often exploiting existing social or religious grievances.

: The movement uses violence or subversive tactics. Core Components of Insurgency

: To survive, insurgencies require supporters, funding, and "safe havens" (sanctuaries) where they can regroup. Insurgency

: The intent is to achieve political change over a ruling regime.

: Successful COIN is a long-term commitment; research from RAND suggests it takes an average of six years for a government to secure a victory after the tide turns. Case Studies for Research Subversion and Insurgency: RAND Counterinsurgency Study : National insurgencies rely on ideology to unify

: Insurgents typically use guerrilla tactics—such as ambushes, sabotage, and raids—to offset the military superiority of government forces.

: Many models describe an insurgency as progressing through stages: pre-insurgency , incipient , open conflict , and resolution . Counterinsurgency (COIN) Framework : The intent is to achieve political change

: Winning the "passive acquiescence" or active support of the population is critical, as the population is often considered the center of gravity in these conflicts.