Primarily serfs seeking freedom, Cossacks fighting to keep their autonomy, and indigenous peoples of the Volga and Ural regions (Bashkirs, Tatars) protesting against colonization and land seizure.
Abolition of serfdom, ending the exploitation of Cossacks, and the dismantling of the gentry class. 2. Ideology: Naive Monarchism
The landed gentry (landowners), government officials, and the institution of serfdom itself. harakteristika pugachevshhiny
Despite the army structure, the movement was disorganized, lacking a clear long-term political program.
It was characterized by extreme violence against landlords, officials, and priests who opposed them, reflecting the deep desperation of the peasants. Primarily serfs seeking freedom, Cossacks fighting to keep
The movement was organized like a traditional army, with military ranks, a military council, and artillery.
Unlike earlier leaders of peasant revolts, Pugachev was an experienced Cossack soldier. 5. Why It Failed (Causes of Defeat) The movement was organized like a traditional army,
Pugachev posed as Peter III, supposedly deposed and escaped, promising freedom and fairness.