📌 This part of the standard is used for design before putting a vessel into service, though it can be adapted for in-service analysis. If you'd like to dive deeper, I can look into:
Detailed design rules for flat ends, flanges, heat exchanger tubesheets, and bolted ends. EN 13445-3
The latest major revision is EN 13445-3:2021 , with an active amendment A1:2025 . 📌 This part of the standard is used
It is a harmonized standard under the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) . heat exchanger tubesheets
General principles, corrosion/erosion allowances, and load cases like wind and seismic activity.
Annex B provides the "Direct Route" for design using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis for complex geometries. Scope and Application
