Can the art exist independently? If you removed the design from the "useful article," would it still be a work of art?.

While direct download links for specific textbook internal files are often restricted to student portals, you can access the core legal and educational content here:

View the Model Jury Instructions for Useful Articles from the Ninth Circuit (available as .pdf or .docx).

(like a carving on a chair) can be copyrighted if they can be identified separately from the object's function.