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Sicilian folklore even categorizes different types of "horns" based on their source, as detailed in the writings of Antonio Randazzo :

Today, the phrase is often used playfully or cynically to describe anyone who ignores a blatant problem for the sake of convenience. It remains a staple of Sicilian proverbs and sayings that emphasize that to stand up to a "horned" (capable/stubborn) person, one must be even more "horned" (stubborn) themselves. Pi un curnutu, un curnutu e menzu | Sicilian Sayings

: The phrase often describes someone who prioritizes material gain or peace over rigid codes of honor. Historical proverbs suggest it is "better to be horned than a fool" ( megghiu essiri curnutu ca minchiuni ), implying that being a "horned" man is a localized shame known only to one’s town, whereas being a fool is a universal disgrace.

: Surprisingly, curnutu can sometimes be a backhanded compliment. Terms like corna dura (strong horns) describe someone who is exceptionally stubborn, capable, or hard-headed in business.

The imagery of "horns" as a symbol of betrayal dates back to ancient times, with some theories linking it to Greek myths—such as King Minos, whose wife's union with a bull resulted in the Minotaur.

(True horns): Infidelity by a wife, which was considered the only "real" betrayal that caused genuine fever and suffering ( friddu e la frevi ). Modern Context