: New life forms are created through reproduction (sexual or asexual), which ensures the transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next.
: As Rudolf Virchow famously stated, "Omnis cellula e cellula" (all cells come from pre-existing cells), asserting that living tissue cannot arise from non-living chemicals.
: Conducted the definitive experiment using swan-neck flasks . He proved that even when exposed to air, broth remained sterile unless dust particles (carrying microbes) were allowed to enter the flask. Biogeny in the Modern Origin of Life Theory