If the sender does not receive an ACK within a designated time (timeout) or receives a NAK, it retransmits the packet. 3. Types of ARQ Protocols 3.1. Stop-and-Wait ARQ
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ): Reliable Data Transmission 1. Introduction If the sender does not receive an ACK
ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable digital communication. While Stop-and-Wait is efficient for simple, low-delay networks, Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat are essential for modern high-speed networks. The hybrid approach (HARQ) offers the best balance of efficiency and reliability in modern wireless scenarios. The hybrid approach (HARQ) offers the best balance
Low throughput on links with high propagation delay, as the channel remains idle while waiting for ACKs. 3.2. Go-Back-N ARQ (GBN) If the sender does not receive an ACK
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Requires complex buffering and ordering at the receiver. 4. Performance Considerations