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In some digitized versions or PDFs of this paper, the text may contain this artifact. The paper itself is a foundational marketing study that:

The reference appears to be a specific typo or OCR (Optical Character Recognition) error often associated with the academic paper titled "A Review of Brand-Loyalty Measures in Marketing" by Jan-Benedict E.M. Steenkamp and Rik Pieters. 410rar

of brand-loyalty measures developed since the late 1970s. In some digitized versions or PDFs of this

for marketing managers on how to use these measures in real-world settings. 410rar