A comparative analysis of nine Araceae species revealed significant variation in mitochondrial genome architecture. Key findings include:

The total cumulative length of these repeats varies between 4,602 bp and 122,573 bp across the studied species.

Write-up: Comparative Analysis of Araceae Mitochondrial Genomes Genomic Repeat Diversity in Araceae Mitogenomes

The species P. ternata is unique in this group for possessing Class IV repeats (those larger than 5,000 bp), which account for approximately 5.5% of its total mitogenome length.

Sizes across the nine species vary approximately five-fold, ranging from 177,872 bp ( W. australiana ) to 876,608 bp ( P. ternata ).

The high frequency and large cumulative length of repeats (reaching up to 122,573 bp) in certain species like P. ternata are primary drivers of mitochondrial genome expansion within the Araceae family. Comparative Analysis of Araceae Mitochondrial Genomes - PMC

Dispersed repeats were categorized by length into four classes (Class I: 50–100 bp; Class II: 100–500 bp; Class III: 500–5000 bp; and Class IV: >5000 bp).